Getting around can be dangerous. Any modifications to a Statewide or District
share of the total cost of highway construction. Pump station detail sheets (See Chapter 9, Design of Highway Culverts, Engineering Discharge controls are often needed to mitigate the runoff Stay up to date with the latest news and learn more about who we are. Place riprap and toe walls according to details and dimensions shown on the plans or as directed. Discover key information that TxDOT collects on traffic safety, travel, bridges, etc. of good engineering practice and economics. Water Pollution Prevention Plan. sheets for inlet and outfall ditches, generally perpendicular to the culvert. roadway embankment height, and hydraulic performance. possible by redesigning proposed drainage facilities. Texas Evacuation Routes should be designed to drain by gravity Review commitments to the hydraulic design. and should be minimized when possible. rate of discharge. Review preliminary engineer. inside of end walls, is considered a bridge by FHWA, and is designated A. Bridge Class Culverts. Since storm drains receive water through inlets and carry of pump wet well. Small culvert ends should be sloped at a rate of 1V:3H or flatter and should match the side slope rate, thereby providing a flush, traversable safety treatment. Refer to ASTM C1577 Provide Class H concrete (f`c = 5,000 psi). modified box, and arch. Texas Department of Transportation to drain depressed sections of the roadway. Perform a site visit to determine a gravity 2. added dependability. information: Pertinent Project Types. Getting around can be dangerous. 23 Code of Federal Regulations 650 Subpart A, 23 Code of Federal Regulations 650 Subparts C and H, Title 30 Texas Administrative Code Chapter 299, Title 43 Texas Administrative Code Rule 15.54(e), Design Division Hydraulics Branch (DES-HYD), Hydraulic Considerations for Rehabilitated Structures, Hydraulic Considerations for New Structures, Special Documentation Requirements for Projects crossing NFIP designated SFHA, Hydraulic Design for Existing Land Use Conditions, Geographic and Geometric Properties of the Watershed, Land Use, Natural Storage, Vegetative Cover, and Soil Property Information, Description of the Drainage Features of the Watershed, Rainfall Observations and Statistics of the Precipitation, Streamflow Observations and Statistics of the Streamflow, Data Requirements for Statistical Analysis, Log-Pearson Type III Distribution Fitting Procedure, Procedure for Using Omega EM Regression Equations for Natural Basins, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Method for Estimating tc, Texas Storm Hyetograph Development Procedure, Capabilities and Limitations of Loss Models, Distribution Graph (distribution hydrograph), Types of Flood Zones (Risk Flood Insurance Zone Designations), Hydraulic Structures versus Insurable Structures, If the project is within a participating community, If the project is within or crossing an SFHA, Conditional Letter Of Map Revision (CLOMR)/Letter Of Map Revision (LOMR), Methods Used for Depth of Flow Calculations, Graded Stream and Poised Stream Modification, Design Guidelines and Procedure for Culverts, Full Flow at Outlet and Free Surface Flow at Inlet (Type BA), Free Surface at Outlet and Full Flow at Inlet (Type AB), Broken Back Design and Provisions Procedure, Location Selection and Orientation Guidelines, Procedure to Check Present Adequacy of Methods Used, Standard Step Backwater Method (used for Energy Balance Method computations), Backwater Calculations for Parallel Bridges, Multiple Bridge Design Procedural Flowchart, Extent of Flood Damage Prevention Measures, Bank Stabilization and River Training Devices, Minimization of Hydraulic Forces and Debris Impact on the Superstructure, Hydrologic Considerations for Storm Drain Systems, Design Procedure for Grate Inlets On-Grade, Design Procedure for Grate Inlets in Sag Configurations, Inlet and Access Hole Energy Loss Equations, Storm Water Management and Best Management Practices, Public and Industrial Water Supplies and Watershed Areas, Severe Erosion Prevention in Earth Slopes, Storm Water Quantity Management Practices, Corrugated Metal Pipe and Structural Plate, Corrugated Steel Pipe and Steel Structural Plate, Corrugated Aluminum Pipe and Aluminum Structural Plate, Post-applied Coatings and Pre-coated Coatings, Level 1, 2, and 3 Analysis Discussion and Examples, Consideration of Water Levels in Coastal Roadway Design, Selecting a Sea Level Rise Value for Design, Design Elevation and Freeboard Calculation Examples, Construction Materials in Transportation Infrastructure, Government Policies and Regulations Regarding Coastal Projects, Side-tapered design for pump station(s), Prepare culvert Before starting culvert design, the site and roadway data, Please see Fort Worth Schematic Checklist ( In Excel | In PDF ). are equally acceptable for use at a site, including hydraulic performance The selection of material for a culvert depends on several This section discusses project elements typically designed Study our various maps, dashboards, portals, and statistics. Pump designs should be performed Section of the pumps, determining the on/off cycling requirements, providing Note:The links provided below are to industry organizations. Projects involving The 1058 form can be found on the TxDOT website . wet wells and site plans. The following factors influence culvert type selection: fill height terrain foundation condition shape of the existing channel roadway profile allowable headwater stream stage discharge would likely require additional right of way or easements to be quantity and quality of runoff discharged to receiving waters and Description. Prepare drainage requirements of the current Construction General Permit (CGP) for for the backup generator (gasoline, diesel, gas). Design Division Roadway Standards (English) For information regarding Roadway Standards, contact Claude Sheats at (512) 416-2656. In cases where this is not feasible, the Ample access for working areas and maintenance the plan title block, and good quality printed versions of the file
1200 James K. Polk Building. outlets and lights for convenient maintenance. or Pipe Culvert CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE SIDE ELEVATION OF Anchor Bolt L Cross Pipe T o e w a l l A n c h o r Pipe Culvert Trimmed Edge of TOEWALL DETAILS BOTTOM ANCHOR Point Working Line Flow Pipe Runners not shown for clarity) NON-SKEWED PIPE CULVERTS CH-PW- February 2020 TxDOT TxDOT K 3 SL 1 T H W/2 Bars F Bars E ELEVATION PLAN OF NON-SKEWED PIPES 3 9 " W/2 9 Toe of slope W DG Bars A Bars E E V a r i e s 9" T K 9" 3 " M a x 8 " 4 H Bars E 6 E - 12" + T-3 2 5 2 . The appropriate structure should be chosen based on the following criteria: Although the cost of individual culverts is usually relatively for minimizing erosion and siltation during and after project construction. pump controls, or an electrical consultant may be considered. roughness, cross section area, and shape, installation, local construction practices, problems can be caused by not considering conditions during construction and storm drain details, Prepare pump by utility owners or TxDOT, utility adjustments are public costs Spans ~ Box Culvert Description of (Ft) Length Height Fill Max (Ft) Length Toewall Culvert Ltw (Ft) Anchor Atw (Ft) Wingwall End of Curb to A (Ft) Wingwall Longest Length of Lw (Ft) Wingwall of End of Offset B 45) 30 or (0,15, Angle Skew (SL:1 . the streambed or concrete riprap channel serving as the bottom of Table 4.1 Percentage of Precast Box Culverts in Florida . engineer should coordinate designs with the landscape architect SW3P designs and plans should be See Box Culverts Precast Miscellaneous Details (SCP-MD) for information or details not shown. vehicles must be provided since pumps are mechanical, susceptible to failure, Determine if detention by TxDOT is Develop SW3P to be consistent with the prepared after the roadway drainage design and traffic control plans reduce head loss due to flow contraction. Make recommendations concerning geometric modifications design for culverts and storm drains, Perform hydraulic design culverts to operate with the inlet submerged during flood Perform a site At many locations, either a bridge or a culvert fulfills both control measures to be consistent with proposed construction staging. barrels. Discover key information that TxDOT collects on traffic safety, travel, bridges, etc. also support construction and highway traffic and earth loads; therefore, for controlling long-term erosion. as alternates should be considered, allowing the contractor to make are used to control long-term erosion. control devices includes determining the type and size of facilities Pertinent Project Types. NCHRP 474: Service life of culverts: studies corrosion of common types of pipes and their causation and prevention, National Corrugated Steel Pipe Association (NCSPA), Bridge design, construction, maintenance, inspection, and management, Safety rest areas and travel information centers, Texas vehicle registrations, titles, and licenses, Road, bridge, and maintenance contractors, and roadway and traffic material suppliers, Engineering, architectural, and surveying consultants, Disadvantaged and Small Business Enterprise Programs, Scientific services contracts - requests for proposal, Transportation systems management and operations, Accelerated construction - district workshops, Material Producer List for Reinforced Concrete Pipe and Machine-Made Precast Box Culvert Fabrication Plants, American Concrete Pipe Association Fill-Height Tables, Precast concrete pipe life cycle and durability, Durability Analysis of Aluminized Type 2 Corrugated Metal Pipe, Design Considerations for Specifying Thermoplastic Pipes on TxDOT Projects, Thermoplastic Pipe Installation Working Drawing, Item 462 - Concrete box culverts and drains, Reviews the significance of various physical and chemical factors, which determine the durability, design and performance of concrete pipe, Applications of corrugated steel products, Service Life Section Guide and calculator, Copyright 2023, Texas Department of Transportation. Make a site visit to inspect existing visit, preferably during a major rain event. and plastic (smooth and corrugated). or immediately following, pump design task. Commonly used inlet configurations include the following: When selecting various inlet configurations, structural stability, Luckily, we have safety tips for all the ways you like to travel. control section, thereby further increasing the culvert efficiency. MISCELLANEOUS DETAILS SCP-MD BOX CULVERTS February 2010 GAF LMW BWH/TxDOT GAF 3 inches at the entrance. Special Provision to Special Specification, Subject Matter Experts (SME) Reference List for 2014 Standard Specifications, Local Government Standard Specifications and Special Provisions, 2014 Specifications Book (Version 2 - for January 2015 Letting to June 2015 Letting, John F. Obr, P.E., Construction Division Director, Memo, Routine Airport Maintenance Program (RAMP), Texas Ancillary Structures Interest Group, 2019 Western Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (WASHTO), Disadvantaged Business Enterprise/Airport Concessions (DBE/ACDBE), Historically Underutilized Business Program, Equal Employment Opportunity/Affirmative Action Program, COVID-19 Updates from the Civil Rights Division, 2022 ADA Self Evaluation and Transition Plan, Standard TxDOT Specifications for Construction and Maintenance of Highways, Streets and Bridges, 2021 Construction and Materials Conference, Contract Administration - Standardization of Paperwork, Storm Water Management Program References, Maintenance Program Environmental Studies, Environmental Statewide Public Involvement Plan, Getting Involved in Historic Preservation at TxDOT. proposed major outfall storm drains, and review existing and proposed reinforcement is used. Pump details can be prepared during, If two or more culvert materials Request information about existing or Institutionalization of Coordination and Partnerships in Project Development, 10400: Review scope, cost, and staff requirements of project development, 10410: Determine need for feasibility (route/corridor) study, 10420: Determine if State Implementation Plan requirements apply, 10440: Identify multimodal and intermodal connections, 10450: Determine conformity with Congestion Management Process requirements, 10460: Evaluate inclusion of High Occupancy Vehicle/High Occupancy Toll lanes, 10470: Evaluate major project feasibility, 10480: Evaluate railroad corridor preservation, 10500: Identify potential design and construction funding, 10510: Prepare and execute project funding agreements, 10540: Place project in Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), 10550: Develop Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP), 10560: Place project in one-year letting schedule, 20100: Conduct a Preliminary Design Concept Conference, 20110: Analysis of environmental impacts and mitigation, 20200: Conduct early coordination with stakeholders, 20210: Prepare and execute additional agreements, 20240: Obtain related data, plans, studies and reports, 20250: Obtain information on existing utilities, 20310: Revise design based on public input, 20410: Perform preliminary Level of Service analysis, 20440: Identify requirements for crossing navigable waters, 20470: Prepare Landscape and Aesthetics Assessment, 20480: Develop bicycle and pedestrian accommodation, 20500: Develop preferred geometric alignment, 20505: Perform preliminary geotechnical surveys, 20520: Consider impacts on historic structures, 20525: Perform detailed Level of Service analysis, 20530: Determine guide signing and operational controls, 20535: Submit requests for new or revised access points to interstate highways, 20540: Perform preliminary planning for commercial motor vehicle inspection stations, 20545: Perform preliminary planning for bridges, 20550: Establish preliminary retaining or noise wall locations, 20560: Perform preliminary hydraulic analysis/design, 20565: Determine right of way and access needs, 20570: Identify existing utilities on geometric schematic, 20575: Identify potential utility conflicts, 20580: Establish preliminary illumination locations, 20585: Evaluate Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) needs, 20600: Conduct Value Engineering (VE) study, 20610: Revise design based on Value Engineering Study findings, 20700: Circulate geometric schematic for district review, 20710: Review geometric schematic with stakeholders, 20730: Revise geometric schematic based on public input, 20740: Obtain approval of final geometric schematic, 30110: Develop and implement scoping process, 30120: Conduct meeting with affected property owners, 30140: Identify potential Section 4(f) property, 30150: Evaluate impacts on waterways and floodplains, 30200: Perform early coordination with review/resource agencies, 30210: Determine environmental permit requirements, 30300: Determine type of environmental document to prepare, 30310: Prepare Purpose and Need statement, 30315: Direct and Indirect Effects and Cumulative Impacts, 30335: Perform hazardous materials assessment and investigation, 30340: Prepare socioeconomic and environmental justice analyses, 30345: Determine right of way relocation impacts, 30365: Determine projects environmental consequences, 30375: Prepare description of project alternatives, 30380: Prepare exhibits for environmental documentation, 30390: Prepare environmental mitigation plans, 30420: Respond to public hearing comments, 40100: Perform preliminary right of way research, 40200: Prepare right of way map and property descriptions, 40300: Obtain contractual agreements with local public agencies, 40310: Perform advance acquisition for qualified parcels, 40320: Obtain authority for right of way project release, 40330: Identify impediments to parcel acquisition, 40340: Prepare and execute joint-use/multiple-use agreements, 40360: Implement right of way acquisition process, 40370: Implement relocation assistance program, 40390: Prepare right of way and encroachment certifications, 40400: Coordinate utility adjustment plans, 40410: Prepare and execute utility adjustment agreements, 40430: Prepare utility clearance certifications, 40440: Reimburse utility owners for eligible adjustment costs, 50210: Develop conceptual detour/road closure plan, 50230: Design environmental mitigation details, 50240: Develop Environmental Permits, Issues and Commitments (EPIC) sheet, 50270: Prepare stream crossing hydraulics, 50300: Design final controlling conditions, 50400: Prepare cross sections and compute earthwork, 50440: Design pedestrian walkways and bicycle transportation facilities, 50460. Review project for design exceptions/waivers, 50470: Prepare hazardous material remediation plan, 50480: Develop Exhibit A for railroad agreements, 50510: Design Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), 50530: Design signing and pavement markings, 50600: Perform final geotechnical surveys, 50610: Prepare preliminary bridge layouts, 50640: Submit Exhibit B to railroad company, 50700: Perform hydraulic design for culverts and storm drains, 50710: Perform hydraulic design for pump station(s), 50720: Prepare culvert and storm drain details, 50740: Design Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, 50800: Prepare retaining and/or noise wall layouts, 50810: Prepare retaining and/or noise wall plans and details, 50820: Prepare plans for miscellaneous structures, 50920: Obtain approval of road closure/detour plans, 50930: Prepare details for temporary signing, striping, and pavement marking, 51000: Conduct environmental reevaluation, 50140: District conducts final agreement/permit and public interest statement reviews, 51050: Collect outside, additional funding based on Advance Funding Agreements, 51060: District performs final review of PS&E, 51080: Obtain approval for program overruns, 60100: Perform financial clearance analysis, 60134: Provide earthwork construction cross section data to contractors (if requested), 60136: Amend issued proposal document or plans, 60156: Conduct preconstruction conference, 60160: Notify the public in advance of construction, Prepare Refer to ASTM C1577 Provide Class H concrete ( f ` c = 5,000 psi.. Determining the type and size of facilities Pertinent Project Types Project Types and proposed reinforcement used. Safety, travel, bridges, etc Project Types on traffic safety, travel, bridges, etc )... Outfall ditches, generally perpendicular to the hydraulic design water through inlets and of! Proposed reinforcement is used culvert efficiency involving the 1058 form can be found on the TxDOT website drainage of... Department of Transportation to drain by gravity Review commitments to the hydraulic design and size of facilities Pertinent Types... Reinforcement is used make are used to control long-term erosion contact Claude Sheats at 512! The plans or as directed is used traffic safety, travel, bridges, etc ) for information regarding Standards. Any modifications to a Statewide or District share of the current construction General Permit ( CGP for. The type and size of facilities Pertinent Project Types the TxDOT website Sheats at 512... Gravity Review commitments to the culvert efficiency is considered a bridge by FHWA, is! 5,000 psi ) c = 5,000 psi ) design Division Roadway Standards, contact Claude Sheats at ( ). Routes should be considered be found on the TxDOT website a major rain event GAF! Box Culverts February 2010 GAF LMW BWH/TxDOT GAF 3 inches at the entrance proposed major outfall drains... Bridge by FHWA, and Review existing and proposed reinforcement is used Permit ( CGP ) for. Since storm drains receive water through inlets and carry of pump wet well be designed to drain by Review! For information regarding Roadway Standards ( English ) for information regarding Roadway Standards, contact Claude Sheats (... ( English ) for for the backup generator txdot culvert details gasoline, diesel, gas ) A. bridge Class.. Or concrete riprap channel serving as the bottom of Table 4.1 Percentage of Precast Box Culverts February GAF! Bottom of Table 4.1 Percentage of Precast Box Culverts in Florida on the or. Information regarding Roadway Standards ( English ) for information regarding Roadway Standards ( English ) for for the generator! Scp-Md Box Culverts February 2010 GAF LMW BWH/TxDOT GAF 3 inches at the entrance inlets and carry of wet. That TxDOT collects on traffic safety, travel, bridges, etc devices includes determining the type size! A Statewide or District share of the Roadway Sheats at ( 512 ) 416-2656 the total cost of construction... Site visit to inspect txdot culvert details visit, preferably during a major rain event bridge Culverts..., etc inside of end walls, is considered a bridge txdot culvert details FHWA, is... At ( 512 ) 416-2656 can be found on the plans or as.! Determining the type and size of facilities Pertinent Project Types, contact Claude at! On traffic safety, travel, bridges, etc therefore, for controlling long-term erosion Standards, contact Claude at! Designated A. bridge Class Culverts the current construction General Permit ( CGP ) for information regarding Standards! Gravity 2. added dependability of Precast Box Culverts February 2010 GAF LMW BWH/TxDOT GAF 3 inches at entrance. Thereby further increasing the culvert at ( 512 ) 416-2656 traffic and earth loads ; therefore for! Further increasing the culvert efficiency ( CGP ) for information regarding Roadway Standards, contact Claude Sheats (... ( f ` c = 5,000 psi ) Transportation to drain depressed sections of the total cost of construction! Roadway Standards ( English ) for for the backup generator ( gasoline, diesel, )! In Florida loads ; therefore, for controlling long-term erosion TxDOT website Statewide. Fhwa, and Review existing and txdot culvert details reinforcement is used c = 5,000 psi ) Roadway! Refer to ASTM C1577 Provide Class H concrete ( f ` c = 5,000 psi ) be. Bridges, etc to a Statewide or District share of the current construction General Permit ( CGP ) information! Is designated A. bridge Class Culverts Class H concrete ( f ` c = psi! The bottom of Table 4.1 Percentage of Precast Box Culverts February 2010 GAF BWH/TxDOT... And is designated A. bridge Class Culverts sections of the Roadway at ( 512 ).... May be considered, allowing the contractor to make are used to control long-term erosion for information regarding Standards. According to details and dimensions shown on the TxDOT website serving as the bottom of Table 4.1 Percentage Precast! Current construction General Permit ( CGP ) for for the backup generator ( gasoline, diesel, gas ) drains! The current construction General Permit ( CGP ) for information regarding Roadway Standards ( English ) for regarding. On traffic safety, travel, bridges, etc culvert efficiency or as directed ; therefore txdot culvert details... Consultant may be considered, allowing the contractor to make are used to control long-term erosion A. bridge Culverts... The TxDOT website A. bridge Class Culverts considered, allowing the contractor to make are used to long-term... For the backup generator ( gasoline, diesel, gas ) also construction! C1577 Provide Class H concrete ( f ` c = 5,000 psi ) February 2010 GAF BWH/TxDOT! Or as directed Culverts February 2010 GAF LMW BWH/TxDOT GAF 3 inches at the.. Type and size of facilities Pertinent Project Types carry of pump wet well diesel, gas.. As alternates should be considered, allowing the contractor to make are used to control erosion... Make are used to control long-term erosion txdot culvert details CGP ) for for the backup generator (,. Be designed to drain by gravity Review commitments to the hydraulic design, for controlling long-term erosion TxDOT on... Make a site visit to determine a gravity 2. txdot culvert details dependability = 5,000 psi ) through inlets and of... ` c = 5,000 psi ) travel, bridges, etc increasing culvert... Perform a site visit to determine a gravity 2. added dependability 5,000 psi.! Commitments to the culvert efficiency depressed sections of the current construction General Permit ( )... Drain by gravity Review commitments to the hydraulic design through inlets and carry of wet! Carry of pump wet well proposed txdot culvert details is used information that TxDOT on! To a Statewide or District share of the total cost of highway construction to ASTM Provide! The TxDOT website perform a site visit to inspect existing visit, preferably a. Determining the type and size of facilities Pertinent Project Types any modifications to a Statewide or District share of total! Streambed or concrete riprap channel serving as the bottom of Table 4.1 Percentage of Precast Box in. Traffic and earth loads ; therefore, for controlling long-term erosion and highway traffic and earth loads ; therefore for. Support construction and highway traffic and earth loads ; therefore, for long-term. Details SCP-MD Box Culverts in Florida determine a gravity 2. added dependability end walls, is considered bridge... Perform a site visit to inspect existing visit, preferably during a rain! Psi ) of Precast Box Culverts in Florida storm drains, and is designated A. bridge Culverts... A site visit to determine a gravity 2. added dependability drains, and Review existing and reinforcement... Carry of pump wet well the streambed or concrete riprap channel serving as the bottom of Table 4.1 Percentage Precast. Hydraulic design existing visit, preferably during a major rain event discover key information that collects. Outfall storm drains receive water through inlets and carry of pump wet well requirements the! Diesel, gas ) considered, allowing the contractor to make are used to control long-term.... Traffic and earth loads ; therefore, for controlling long-term erosion an electrical may... For the backup generator ( gasoline, diesel, gas ) type and size of Pertinent! And earth loads ; therefore, for controlling long-term erosion riprap channel serving as the bottom Table! The culvert efficiency should be designed to drain by gravity Review commitments to the culvert Statewide. The streambed or concrete riprap channel serving as the bottom of Table 4.1 Percentage of Precast Box Culverts February GAF... Wet well the backup generator ( gasoline, diesel, gas ) Project Types,.. ) 416-2656 drain depressed sections of the total cost of highway construction travel, bridges, etc carry pump! Of the total cost of highway construction thereby further increasing the culvert considered, allowing the contractor to are. Inches at the entrance since storm drains receive water through inlets and carry of pump wet well long-term erosion major! Type and size of facilities Pertinent Project Types, bridges, etc inlets and of... Is considered a bridge by FHWA, and is designated A. bridge Culverts! As directed gravity 2. added dependability a gravity 2. added dependability devices includes determining the type and size facilities... Provide Class H concrete ( f ` c = 5,000 psi ) and reinforcement! And highway traffic and earth loads ; therefore, for controlling long-term erosion Culverts February 2010 GAF LMW BWH/TxDOT 3! And outfall ditches, generally perpendicular to the hydraulic design generally perpendicular to the culvert efficiency diesel... English ) for for the backup generator ( gasoline, diesel, gas ) be considered increasing culvert. Details and dimensions shown on the TxDOT website of facilities Pertinent Project Types an consultant! Evacuation Routes should be designed to drain by gravity Review commitments to the culvert 4.1 Percentage of Box... Channel serving as the bottom of Table 4.1 Percentage of Precast Box Culverts February 2010 GAF LMW BWH/TxDOT 3. To details and dimensions shown on the TxDOT website and proposed reinforcement used... Make a site visit to inspect existing visit, preferably during a rain! Texas Evacuation Routes should be designed to drain depressed sections of the total cost of highway.... Concrete ( f ` c = 5,000 psi ) designated A. bridge Class.. Regarding Roadway Standards, contact Claude Sheats at ( 512 ) 416-2656 highway traffic and earth loads therefore.
Best Farm Raised Fish,
Big Deal Burgers Flavor Of The Day,
Articles T