Wells began her essay, "Lynch Laws in America," with the observation: "Our country's national crime is lynching" (Wells 1). Through the accounts of two major Georgia newspapers and her own commentary, Wells-Barnett shed light on the lynchings of 12 African Americans over a six-week period. Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches (Lit2Go Edition). America during the first six months of this year (1893). Biography of Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Journalist Who Fought Racism. When the court adjourned, the prisoner was dead. The photo is from about 1893. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime. Ida Wells was born into slavery. The Revolt of 1910 Against Speaker Joseph Cannon, It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. Southern horrors : lynch law in all its phases Names Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931 (Author) Dates / Origin Date Issued: 1892 Place: New York Publisher: New York Age Print Library locations Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division Shelf locator: Sc Rare 364.1-B (Barnett, I.B. Under the authority of a national law that gave every citizen the right to vote, the newly-made citizens chose to exercise their suffrage. By 1909 Ida B. From the early 1890s she labored mostly alone in her effort to raise the nation's awareness and indignation about these usually unpunished murders. A few months ago the conscience of this country was shocked because, after a two-weeks trial, a French judicial tribunal pronounced Captain Dreyfus guilty. It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. . The Judiciary and Progress Address at Toledo, Ohio, Letter Accepting the Republican Nomination, Progressive Democracy, chapters 1213 (excerpts). Our nation has been active and outspoken in its endeavors to right the wrongs of the Armenian Christian, the Russian Jew, the Irish Home Ruler, the native women of India, the Siberian exile, and the Cuban patriot. Ida B. There is, however, this difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted only to guy or jeer. McNamara, Robert. The second subsection presents Ida B. Wells, "Lynch Law in America", January 1900 2 Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. . . Instead of lynchings being caused by assaults upon women, the statistics show that not one-third of the victims of lynchings are even charged with such crimes. In many cases there has been open expression that the fate meted out to the victim was only what he deserved. . It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. In 1909, however, she gained a powerful ally in the newly formed National Association for the Advancement . She was charged with being accessory to the murder of her white paramour, who had shamefully abused her. Source: The Arena 23 (January 1900): 1524. This has been done in Texarkana and Paris, Tex., in Bardswell, Ky., and in Newman, Ga. In many other instances there has been a silence that says more forcibly than words can proclaim it that it is right and proper that a human being should be seized by a mob and burned to death upon the unsworn and the uncorroborated charge of his accuser. Paid Italy for lynchings at Walsenburg, Col 10,000.00 . It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. At the time Ida B. The cover page for A Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynchings in the United States, 1892-1893-1894 by Ida B. That gave an impetus to the hunt, and the Atlanta Constitutions reward of $500 keyed the mob to the necessary burning and roasting pitch. Although lynchings have steadily increased in number and barbarity during the last twenty years, there has been no single effort put forth by the many moral and philanthropic forces of the country to put a stop to this wholesale slaughter. Wells resolved to document the lynchings in the South, and to speak out in hopes of ending the practice. London :"Lux" Newspaper and Pub. In Texarkana, the year before, men and boys amused themselves by cutting off strips of flesh and thrusting knives into their helpless victim. Lynch Law in America By Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1900) O ur count ry' s nat ional cri m e i s l ynchi ng. Ida B. With all the powers of government in control; with all laws made by white men, administered by white judges, jurors, prosecuting attorneys, and sheriffs; with every office of the executive department filled by white menno excuse can be offered for exchanging the orderly administration of justice for barbarous lynchings and unwritten laws. Our country should be placed speedily above the plane of confessing herself a failure at self-government. One of the most outspoken and tireless leaders against lynch law was Ida B. Wells-Barnett. Rhetoric. The Revolt of 1910 Against Speaker Joseph Cannon. B. What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party. Wells make about lynching in nineteenth-century America? Five of this number were females. close Export to Citation Manager (RIS) Back to item 1900. Far removed from and entirely without protection of the courts of civilized life, these fortune-seekers made laws to meet their varying emergencies. WELLS New York City, Oct. 26, 1892 To the Afro-American women of New York and Brooklyn, whose race love, earnest zeal and unselfish effort at Lyric Hall, in the City of New York, on the night of October 5, 1892made possible its publication, this pamphlet is gratefully dedicated by the author. Wells, I. Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. In many other instances there has been a silence that says more forcibly than words can proclaim it that it is right and proper that a human being should be seized by a mob and burned to death upon the unsworn and the uncorroborated charge of his accuser. Ida B. Her openly uncensored publications, 'Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in all its phases, and 'The Red DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903), Jane Addams, The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements (1892), Eugene Debs, How I Became a Socialist (April, 1902), Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907), Alice Stone Blackwell, Answering Objections to Womens Suffrage (1917), Theodore Roosevelt on The New Nationalism (1910), Woodrow Wilson Requests War (April 2, 1917), Emma Goldman on Patriotism (July 9, 1917), W.E.B DuBois, Returning Soldiers (May, 1919), Lutiant Van Wert describes the 1918 Flu Pandemic (1918), Manuel Quezon calls for Filipino Independence (1919), Warren G. Harding and the Return to Normalcy (1920), Crystal Eastman, Now We Can Begin (1920), Marcus Garvey, Explanation of the Objects of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (1921), Hiram Evans on the The Klans Fight for Americanism (1926), Herbert Hoover, Principles and Ideals of the United States Government (1928), Ellen Welles Page, A Flappers Appeal to Parents (1922), Huey P. Long, Every Man a King and Share our Wealth (1934), Franklin Roosevelts Re-Nomination Acceptance Speech (1936), Second Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1937), Lester Hunter, Id Rather Not Be on Relief (1938), Bertha McCall on Americas Moving People (1940), Dorothy West, Amateur Night in Harlem (1938), Charles A. Lindbergh, America First (1941), A Phillip Randolph and Franklin Roosevelt on Racial Discrimination in the Defense Industry (1941), Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga on Japanese Internment (1942/1994), Harry Truman Announcing the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima (1945), Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945), Dwight D. Eisenhower, Atoms for Peace (1953), Senator Margaret Chase Smiths Declaration of Conscience (1950), Lillian Hellman Refuses to Name Names (1952), Paul Robesons Appearance Before the House Un-American Activities Committee (1956), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), Richard Nixon on the American Standard of Living (1959), John F. Kennedy on the Separation of Church and State (1960), Congressman Arthur L. Miller Gives the Putrid Facts About Homosexuality (1950), Rosa Parks on Life in Montgomery, Alabama (1956-1958), Barry Goldwater, Republican Nomination Acceptance Speech (1964), Lyndon Johnson on Voting Rights and the American Promise (1965), Lyndon Johnson, Howard University Commencement Address (1965), National Organization for Women, Statement of Purpose (1966), George M. Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (1969/2012), Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention 1964, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (1968), Statement by John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (1971), Barbara Jordan, 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address (1976), Jimmy Carter, Crisis of Confidence (1979), Gloria Steinem on Equal Rights for Women (1970), First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan (1981), Jerry Falwell on the Homosexual Revolution (1981), Statements from The Parents Music Resource Center (1985), Phyllis Schlafly on Womens Responsibility for Sexual Harassment (1981), Jesse Jackson on the Rainbow Coalition (1984), Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation (1993-2000), The 9/11 Commission Report, Reflecting On A Generational Challenge (2004), George W. Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). Wells. Wells, Ida B.. "Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. The alleged menace of universal suffrage having been avoided by the absolute suppression of the negro vote, the spirit of mob murder should have been satisfied and the butchery of negroes should have ceased. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931. The negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. Ida B. . Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a teacher, activist, and journalist who worked tirelessly from the late 1890s to document and fight against lynching throughout the United States. Today, we should take time to pause . . Her groundbreaking work, which included collecting statistics in a practice that today is called "data journalism," established that the lawless killing of Black people was a systematic practice, especially in the South in the era following Reconstruction. By challenging the white power structure, she became a target. Under the authority of a national law that gave every citizen the right to vote, the newly-made citizens chose to exercise their suffrage. She refused and was forcibly removed from the train. These executions were often carried out by lawless mobs, though police officers did participate, under the pretext of justice. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408. In the case of the boy and girl above referred to, their father, named Hastings, was accused of the murder of a white man. . The entire number is divided among the following states. To those who fail to be convinced from any other point of view touching this momentous question, a consideration of the economic phase might not be amiss. Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900 by Ida B. Seventh Annual Message to Congress (1907). https://www.thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408 (accessed March 2, 2023). Author Wells Barnett Ida B 1862 1931 LoC No 91898209 Title Lynch Law in Georgia Language English LoC Class E660 History America Late nineteenth century 1865 1900 Subject Hose Sam 1875 1899 Subject Strickland Elijah Subject Lynching Georgia Subject Af . Web. For additional statistics on lynching, see the Tuskegee Institutes count. The nineteenth-century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd. In many instances the leading citizens aid and abet by their presence when they do not participate, and the leading journals inflame the public mind to the lynching point with scare-head articles and offers of rewards. When their different governments demanded satisfaction, our country was forced to confess her inability to protect said subjects in the several States because of our State-rights doctrines, or in turn demand punishment of the lynchers. The Unsung Heroes of the Civil Rights Movement, Documents in Detail: "Against American Imperialism", Check out our collection of primary source readers. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, born enslaved in Mississippi, was a pioneering activist and journalist. Ida presents four arguments against lynching that support her case of passing the anti-lynching legislation stating that lynching is uncivilized, shameful, unconstitutional, and influenced by racism. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. ters were from Ida B. Wells-Barnettjournalist, author, public speaker, and civil rights activistwho received national and international attention for her efforts to expose, educate, and inform the public on the evils and truths of lynching. Project Gutenberg made this transcription from one of the three and maintained all "curiosities in . Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. Wells argues against the lynching of African Americans of the time. At one point a newspaper she owned was burned by a white mob. The result is that many men have been put to death whose innocence was afterward established; and to-day, under this reign of the unwritten law, no colored man, no matter what his reputation, is safe from lynching if a white woman, no matter what her standing or motive, cares to charge him with insult or assault. Readability: Flesch-Kincaid Level: 9.3 Word Count: 3,447 Genre: Speech Wells, notebook in hand, runs to the leader of the mob and questions the reasoning for this man's execution. . . During the last ten years a new statute has been added to the unwritten law. This statute proclaims that for certain crimes or alleged crimes no negro shall be allowed a trial; that no white woman shall be compelled to charge an assault under oath or to submit any such charge to the investigation of a court of law. She was also active in the womens rights movement. It has been to the interest of those who did the lynching to blacken the good name of the helpless and defenseless victims of their hate. (University of Chicago Library) In 1892, journalist and editor Ida B. [2] Four of them were lynched in New York, Ohio, and Kansas ; the remainder were murdered in the South. Our country's national crime is lynching. Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900, https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/, Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches, Florida Center for Instructional Technology. In the 1890s, Wells became a national figure when she published several exposs on race and politics in the South in a newspaper she published in Memphis, Tennessee. 5 On December 22, 1886 . Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. 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Phelan, Why the Chinese Should Be Excluded (1901), William James on The Philippine Question (1903), Chinese Immigrants Confront Anti-Chinese Prejudice (1885, 1903), African Americans Debate Enlistment (1898), Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. The womens Rights movement was a pioneering activist and journalist Statistics on lynching, see the Tuskegee Institutes count lynchings... Should be placed speedily above the plane of confessing herself a failure at.. To vote, the prisoner was dead, see the Tuskegee Institutes count Statistics on lynching see! Selected Speeches ( Lit2Go Edition ) Newspaper she owned was burned by a white mob entirely protection... The fate meted out to the murder of her white paramour, Who had shamefully abused.! Abused her in new York, Ohio, Letter Accepting the Republican Nomination, Progressive,... Law was Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Ida B 1900 by Ida B.. `` speech on Lynch law Ida! A powerful ally in the South, and Kansas ; the remainder were in... 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