The population possessed a high level of IK about T. indica evidenced by 18 categories of uses and multiple modes of use. Some African tribes venerate the tamarind tree as sacred. If in doubt, you can purchase some from a roadside vendor. Fed up with the silence of the cemetery and the cold breeze that periodically slapped him, he decided that it didnt matter where he drove the nail, as long as he got back down as fast as possible. Ebifa E. Agroforestry introduction to the Kakira sugarcane outgrowers: a survey of the constraints and needs of the out-growers. We have to do something.. Tamarindus indica/crop combinations in Eastern Uganda. He stopped pounding to wipe his eyes. No! Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Suddenly, at the last moment, his closest friend tried to dissuade him. In homes, the fruits were dehusked and soaked in water to soften. If I go, will the ghosts let me leave in peace?I never thought that climbing up a tree could be so hard. Cookies policy. Applying gentle pressure will cause the shell to crack. Is it because the tamarind provides fruits essential for cooking? Dont turn around. By using this website, you agree to our Eighty seven percent of T. indica encountered in quadrats grew among a variety of crops and other tree species. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the relationship between T. indica and surrounding plants. Int J Poultry Sci. All T. indica within quadrats were identified and all crops plus other tree species within a 20 m radius of T. indica recorded. The tamarind tree produces a natural air conditioning. tamarind, ( Tamarindus indica ), evergreen tree of the pea family ( Fabaceae ), native to tropical Africa. Taylor-Powell E, Renner M. Analyzing qualitative data. Nyadoi P. Tamarindus indica L. Genetic structure and niche ecology PhD Thesis, Makerere University. Traditional forest-related knowledge: sustaining communities, ecosystems and biocultural diversity. Trosper RL, Parrotta JA. Details of the various uses and mode of use of T. indica are summarized in Table2. and Havinga et al. If you pick one up from the ground make sure the shell is not cracked. 1993; 22:2/3 Biodiversity: Ecology, Economics, Policy. 2008. p 158. PN participated in designing the study and write up. J Ethnopharmacol. If he could plant that nail and come back unscathed! Nothing easier, he said. We lost the bet. Being hardy, T. indica often survived the abuse leaving a charred or holed stem as evidence of past funeral activities. You can only plant for your children and grandchildren. However during focus group discussions majority of respondents revealed that such a belief could not deter them from planting T. indica but attributed their not planting to lack of adequate land for growing both T. indica and other crops. We should have never let him go. Everything struck him as fragile, treacherous and invisible. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . A few of the largest tamarind trees in the U.S. Virgin Islands are thought to be 300+ years old. Data was processed using qualitative analytical methods. Tamarindade is a drink made in a similar way to lemonade; fruit/juice, sugar and water. Im alone in this cemetery! 2000. Women are also more likely to plant and encourage their children to plant T. indica if knowledgeable about its nutritional and economic benefits. They followed an invisible funeral march. The relevance of IK is further illustrated by the traditional practice of feeding tamarind fruit pulp to pregnant women and warriors to boost health and recovery. Conserv Biol. Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species, Rome, Italy; 2008. Were afraidfor you. According to De Caluw et al. This is in agreement with Havinga et al. It has the sweetest fruit of all the three tamarind trees on our land. Whatever the case, lovely tamarinds hedge and protect the old cemeteries of Tamil Nadu. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. This can be attributed to its high calorific value which is estimated at 5000 cal per kg [7, 9]. However it was observed during focus group discussions that even within a single community with the same language and culture there was variation of knowledge about T. indica between the youth and the older generation. Tall trees, if present in the East or North-East direction of the house, emanate negative energy. International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK; 2006. http://www.icuc-iwmi.org/. Even dry flowers are considered bad luck. Propagation of varieties with desirable characteristics for instance sweet fruit or high yielding need to be promoted. A cross-sectional survey was carried out between October 2010 and February 2011 in Tororo and Butaleja districts, purposively selected on the basis of being among Ugandan districts within the T. indica natural range [13] and with a high poverty index [17, 18]. 2011;91(3):4225. Some African tribes venerate the tamarind tree as sacred. Stop him at any price from carrying out his plan! They went before him. . We hypothesized that the indigenous people of Eastern Uganda have used T. indica for generations and developed practices that promote its conservation and therefore we expected that they possess an elaborate indigenous knowledge (IK) system and that most of them have planted the species. Ill nail it through the highest branch.And at midnight! The time when everything in the village is asleep, when everything in the cemetery is awake. Empowering women to own land could be adopted as a long term strategy to promote planting of T. indica and other tree species for general environmental conservation. If Id fallen, theyd just say the ghosts pushed me. Furthermore, a big tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws break in the process of cutting. Gombya-Ssembajjwe W. Indigenous technical knowledge and forest management: a case study of sacred groves (Traditional Forest Reserves), Mpigi District, Uganda. Why doesnt he go faster? Only 12% of tamarinds were owned by women while the rest (3%) were public property. He picked his courage back up, and his nail too. They moved together. Table3 is a summary of frequency citation of T. indica uses. The IK possessed by locals was shrouded in myths and superstitions. Its at the top of the tree. The research team provided information about the study then sought consent from participants or parents and guardians in case of respondents below 18years. If ghosts really did exist! I thought perhaps their reaction was to mine, so I began explaining once more what tamarinds were; that they were sour but tasty. A shudder ran through them all. This probably points to the close relationship between culture and T. indica in these communities. Updates? And its arms stretched longer as he stared. Fruit pulp was the most commonly used tamarind product. A house build according to Vaastu science is considered to bring in the happiness and pleasures of life. The extremely hard tamarind wood probably accounts for the existence of very old . Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine We are after all in Kashi, where one believes that there is no such thing as a ghost. Regional Soil Conservation Unit. The 18 uses reported by respondents is evidence of the intricate IK possessed by the community about T. indica. Results from focus group discussions and interviews reveal that the views held by local people (Tables2 and 3) are similar to the findings of various scholars who describe T. indica as a sustainable resource with positive environmental benefits, having many uses which is available during the dry season when other food supplies are low [79]. Thm ti xo hi sn ~ Pineapple seafood22 / $25 (lunch / dinner) Fresh pineapple, cucumber, tomato, sweet onion, and Vietnamese celery stir fried with prawns, squid, and scallops served with fresh chili and soy sauce. They breathed together. Should I start again? The vicinity of a tamarind tree was a preferred site for house construction as expressed in the words of one of the respondents: building your house close to a tamarind tree is advantageous since you are assured of a windbreak. Expanded edition 20052006. He saw nothing. They pulled him forward. The tree is also grown as an ornamental, and the wood is used in carpentry. Tamarindus indica was located in compounds, homegardens, roadsides, cropland, fallow land, schools and administration centers. The largest section of Virgin Islands Books & Souvenirs. The fruit . Participants in focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews were required to respond to several questions which covered the following themes: location of T. indica, uses, propagation, planting of T. indica, where T. indica is commonly planted, constraints faced with regard to tamarind production, tamarind ownership, silvicultural practices, conservation practices, tamarind trade, as well as taboos and cultural practices regarding tamarind. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L). Approximately half of respondents had T. indica on their compounds or homegardens (53%). Furthermore, a big tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws break in the process of cutting'. The more he walked, the more the tree seemed to be getting farther away from him. [28] argue that when people appreciate the value of biodiversity, they will be more likely to think about conservation in their day-to-day activities such as how to use land and other natural resources. Tamarindus indica is considered a sacred tree in some parts of the world such as India and West Africa [7, 12, 34]. Be ready for the sour taste! Leaving already? Some African tribes hold the tamarind tree to be sacred and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one. Visiting these 10 Jain temples in India will cleanse your soul and wash away your sins! doi:10.5455/jice.20130809114525. Processing of tamarind was mostly done by women and children since it is women who usually prepare family meals. Correspondence to It's even an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce. Whatever you do, dont turn around!, Look! Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively) probably because such knowledge is possessed by only a few people mostly elders, herbalists and traditional healers. MSc Dissertation, Makerere University Institute of Environment and Natural Resources; 1998. Tamarindus indica L. (Fabaceae): patterns of use in traditional African medicine. Dey S, Swamp D, Anju S, Ananya D. In vivo efficacy of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) fruit extract on experimental fluoride exposure in rats. It is highly acid, contains 30% - 40% sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent keeping qualities. Delivery & Pickup Options - 1594 reviews of Tamarind Tree Restaurant "Fabulous hidden gem of a restaurant. Tamarind is a huge tree & some regions in India associates it with ghost dwelling trees. They went alongside him. We also expected IK to be higher among respondents in rural areas and elders than urban dwellers and youth respectively. He nailed it in! Forgive me, I beg you! His final scream was lost in the silence of his solitude. Although the communities lacked documented scientific evidence, their food and medicinal uses concurred with scientific reports of T. indica health promoting attributes. Find Related Places. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Homegardens ( 53 % ) these communities indica on their compounds or (. As sacred Facilitation Unit for Underutilized species, Rome, Italy ; 2008 of his solitude Facilitation... 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