Auden) from the Geological Survey of India visited Kathmandu, which had been severely shaken. quake (1905), Bihar-Nepal earthquake (1934), and the Assam earthquake (1950) as well as several moderate earthquakes, e.g. Paleoseismological evidence of surface faulting along the northeastern himalayan front, India: Timing, size, and spatial extent of great earthquakes. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. the worst was the 1934 earthquake in which more than 10,000 people lost their lives, followed . Which U.S. state has the most earthquakes? Chen W-P and Molnar P 1977 Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in Central Asia; Geophys. Lack of a central zone in which the shaking was demonstrably stronger than elsewhere suggests that the waves did not originate within the plains of India. Singh D D and Gupta H K 1980 Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar- Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935; Bull. (5.2 MB PDF) Downloads. Surv. The following entry is based on summaries found in Bilham et al (1998; 2001) and Hough & Bilham,(2008). The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. Rana, B. S. (2013). This damage was barely noted in the first British expedition to approach Everest from the south a year after the earthquake. 3. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D. K., Pierce, I. K., Reddy, T., Angster, S., & Giri, B. Bihar earthquake 1934 6,000 . This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13pm IST (08:43 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. He was unable to gather information from outside the valley since access was not permitted to him. Most of the damage was due to slumping, fissuring and tilting of the ground.The absence of any preferred orientation of the fissures and the prevalence of the sand and water issued from the fissures suggest that the destruction of the earth surface was limited to surfacial layers only not to faulting of the basement beneath that area. Nepal Earth Planetary Sciences Letters, 457, 366375. Bihar is located in the high seismic zone that falls on the boundary of the tectonic plate joining the Himalayan tectonic plate near the Bihar-Nepal Border and has six sub-surface fault lines moving towards the Gangetic planes in four directions. Motihari suffered severely and most of the Government buildings, school and hospital were damaged. Pilots flyng over the meizoseismal area reported great changes in topography; this was largely due to enormous slides, some of which were photographed. For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenburg & Richter (1954). GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. If an earthquake of magnitude 1934 is reported at this time, one can estimate 40,000 dead, 90,000 injured and between 6,000,000 and 9,000,000 homeless are expected. Active faulting south of the himalayan front: Establishing a new plate boundary. Nepal-Bihar 1934. Thank you for visiting nature.com. There was a serious earthquake in Bihar in 1934, the devastating effects of which GTG captured by photograph in great detail. Almost half of the bridges in the valley would be impassible, and 10 percent of all paved roads would have moderate damage, such as deep cracks or subsidence. [7] In Jharia the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire. Kathmandu: "Historic Earthquakes Bihar, India Nepal", "Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India", "When Tagore accused Gandhi of superstition", "Suggesting religious reasons for quakes isn't new: Mahatma Gandhi did that in 1934", "Freedom Fighter Dr Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi remembered on Republic Day", " : ! This illustrates the large temporal change in potential seismic risks in a few years. Will The Chinese Spy Balloon Start a War With China? Molnar, P., & Deng, Q. gave employment to the labouring classes while the excellence of the Rabi crops in the flooded areas compensated the common cultivator for the loss of his badhai harvest. The 1934 NepalBihar earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in the history of Nepal and Bihar, India. Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the main frontal thrust. alluvial plain of Bihar (India) and Nepal, and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges. Liquefaction studies using trench excavations at locations known to have suffered liquefaction in 1934 (Sukhija et al., 2002) . The Great Earthquake in Nepal (1934 A.D.). (2019). Large paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern Nepal on the Himalayan frontal thrust. Ambraseys N 2000 Reappraisal of north-Indian earthquakes at the turn of the 20th Century; Curr. Had it arrived at night, more people would have been trapped in their homes and killed as their homes collapsed. The official death toll was reported to be 8000 in Nepal and about 7000 in India, but the unofficial sources put the Indian figure near 25,000. Mishra, R. L., Singh, I., Pandey, A., Rao, P. S., Sahoo, H. K., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2016). Lett. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. A brief report has also been written by Mr. N. Nasu (Bull. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. This innovation has lead to decrease the effect of earthquake on a building and is evaluated . Just after the avalanche, about 200 people were left stranded on the mountain as help couldn't reach them due to the risky condition of the mountain. 79 1237-1250. the locking line of Feldl and Bilham (2006). Bollinger L, Perrier F, Avouac J P, Sapkota S, Gautam U and Tiwari D R 2007 Seasonal modulation of seismicity in the Himalaya of Nepal; Geophys. The 1999 earthquake helped bring Erdogan to power. 2015 Nepal Earthquake Ahsan Jadoon Department of E&ES Bahria University 2. Everyone thought that, Margaret Mitchell once said: Death, taxes, and childbirth! doi:10.1007/s00190- 006-0030-3. ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. S. K. BANERJI . Primary surface ruptures of the great himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. Zones like Dharan, Sindhuli, Udayapur and Bhojpur were severely damaged. 1250). Dunn, J. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. These effects are discussed in detail by Hough and Bilham (2008). The Bihar Earthquake of 1934 C. D. Nature 136 , 485-486 ( 1935) Cite this article 579 Accesses Metrics Abstract SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. 483, pp. With the 7.8-magnitude earthquake hitting Turkey this Monday. A. Dunn and three assistants were sent to the areas chiefly affected. Theres never any convenient time for any. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January at 228PM NST (0843 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. [5] Ground effects [ edit] A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. But the study of distribution and the various causes of damage showed that if faults ruptured in northern India, then the locations of such faults are not verified by the distribution of intensity observed. Almeida, V., Hubbard, J., Liberty, L., Foster, A., & Sapkota, S. N. (2018). Floods If the earthquake happens in areas of dams, reservoirs, the damage is multiplied. Jorganesh Press. Lave, J., Yule, D., Sapkota, S. N., Basant, K., Madden, C., Attal, M., & Pandey, R. (2005). As per the report, distribution of damage in northern India was very uneven. Earth quake cause landslides f Effects Seismic sea waves (TUSNAMIS) f Effects Damage to human life and structures f Effects Faults, thrust and folds f Other Effects More devastating fires Change in surface drainage and underground circulation of water Depression forming lakes fDistribution f Distribution About 60 % of all 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. were researched. In addition, possible death and injury figures were estimated by looking at statistics from previous comparable earthquakes in other parts of the world. The great Earthquake in Nepal (First Published as Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa in Nepali in 1934; Translated to English from the 2nd Nepali Edition (1935) by Kesar Lall). [1] Wikipedia entry on the Bihar Earthquake: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa (The Great Earthquake of Nepal) (pp. The 7.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and neighbouring Indian states on Saturday, leaving a massive trail of death and devastation, jolted memories of the catastrophic 1934 tragedy, which had claimed several thousands of human lives on both sides of the Himalayas. Marcussen, E. (2017). Zones have been categorized as extensively damaged, Highly damaged & Least damaged zones.) Seismic instruments of that period were adequate to measure the magnitudes and properties of earthquakes smaller than magnitude 6 or so, but were not sensitive to the longer wavelengths and periods of great earthquakes such as the Bihar event. In: Survey of India Geodetic Report 1936, (eds). Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. 8.0 magnitude earthquake. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 5, 2244. Landslides and Avalanches Earthquake in hilly and mountain areas may cause landslides and avalanches Fire hazards Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. (M 6.9) Rizza, M., Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Karaka, ., et al. Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in Central and Eastern Asia. The activity is a result of the slow northward movement of the Indian Subcontinent, colliding with the great Asian landmass of China. Trench excavations at locations known to have suffered liquefaction in 1934 ( et... By looking at statistics from previous comparable earthquakes in eastern Nepal: evidence from Patu. 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