The White Americans still wanted public white only area. \text{Capitalized Lease Obligation}& 1,020,000& 1,100,000\\ Nevertheless, the American Colonization Society (ACS) emerged as the main voice of colonizationists in the United States. Consolidated Balance Sheets \quad\text{Chicago Finance Corporation}& \$1,800,000\\ - challenged white Americans to face up to the reality that men and women no different form themselves were being held in bondage. - people brought ideas from different countries, across the Atlantic, Give Me Liberty Ch. - women at this time were fighting to show that they are just as good as men. d. 12.0012.0012.00 \end{array} What were the differences between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? This is especially true of the Baptist church; independent black congregations were founded all over the South. Simplify!"; and the minister Theodore Parker's close association with the radical abolitionist John Brown. In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. What might the cost be in dollars? 2 One reform in particular that has shaped human rights and rehabilitation is the Prison and Asylum Reforms of the 1830s. Debtors were punished by imprisonment. The utopian communities challenge existing ideas about property and marriage by prohibiting sexual relations between men and women altogether, others allowed them to change partners at will and the abolition of private property must be accompanied by an end to men's property in women. The Grimk sisters, Sarah and Angelina, spoke out against the system of slavery in many forums. For example, Virginia passed legislation making it illegal to teach slaves, free blacks, or mulattoes to read or write. The Church of Later-Day Saints proved to be a lasting and successful alternative vision to the Second Great Awakening of antebellum America. \quad\text{Total}& \$12,000,000 &\$ 9,200,000\\ Over the next fifteen years, Smith and his followers migrated westward, from New York to Ohio, and then on to Missouri and ultimately to Utah under the direction of Brigham Young, seeking a place to establish a pure kingdom of Christ in America. By the 1820s, the Methodist and Baptist churches were the largest evangelical denominations. In 1834, middle-class women in New York City organized the Female Moral Reform Society, which sought to redeem prostitutes from lives of sin and to protect the morality of single women. KEY TERMS: 1. Simultaneously, the slaves, women, and children were told that obedience to their master was their Christian duty. "In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform movements from roughly 1815 until the Civil War that were striking to observers at the time and to historians ever since for their energy, variety, and . Hudson River school of art: Americans painters also sought to achieve a sense of nationality in art. Antebellum Reform Imagination A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the American Studies Program The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Robert Kent Nelson 2006. preconceived, presentist, and erroneous assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the present. The Book of Mormon was published in 1830, and Smith began the formation of his church. Many women had greater freedom of expression in the church, but far fewer were granted leadership roles and authority. A Massachusetts schoolteacher was the leading advocate of more humane treatment of the insane, who at the time generally were placed in jails alongside debtors and hardened criminals. A Pew Research Center survey asked respondents if they would rather live in a place with a slower pace of life or a place with a faster pace of life. Male2302090Female2182448, b. In the north, the movement reached its zenith in the Burned-Over District of Charles Finney. Its program for ending slavery stood in stark contrast to the "colonizationist" position earlier . Before the nineteenth century, crime, poverty, and mental illness in America were handled through family and voluntary efforts. Walker stood as a vocal opponent of colonization, saying that the United States belonged more to African Americans than to whites, because the black population had earned the country with their blood and tears.. In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. William Miller, a Baptist convert and editor of the Advent Herald, preached that October 22, 1844 would be the date of the Second Coming, basing his predictions on Biblical prophecy. Douglass was perhaps the most famous, influential, and vocal black abolitionist. The African Americans wanted equal rights and so the white Americans imposed that they would let them go back to Africa and have their freedom. Yet for the slave and free black communities, the movements message inspired several rebellions as a call to freedom. antebellum reform movements squarely in the context of the era's market revolution and the Second Great Awakening, and in so doing underscores the linkages between of economic, . Revivals also created a widely known group of respected black leaders, many among them preachers associated with the movement. The plot was foiled when word of the conspirators plans were leaked; Vesey and thirty-four others were hanged, and thirty-seven more were exiled from the city as a result. Give Me Liberty Ch. Evaluate the extent to which social and intellectual reform movements during the antebellum era (1820-1860) represented an expansion of democratic ideals analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the era to the period after. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ \text{LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY}\\ In the early nineteenth century, the United States was becoming a more diverse nation; the new varieties of Protestantism were one reflection of this change. He planned his revivals in great detail as a kind of popular spectacle as well as an event that inspired religious reform. Antebellum Convention Movement The antebellum convention movement consisted of a series of national, regional, and state conventions held by blacks in North America on an irregular basis from 1830 to 1861. The Unitarian church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening. The end of slavery would come about gradually under this ideal. The Second Great Awakening and the movement in religious revival in the United States had a profound impact on the United States. Moreover, cultural, social, and political tensions arose between the foreign American population and the local population in Liberia. No Preference Additional information is as follows: Do not delete this text first. The antebellum period (or era before the Civil War) was a time of social and moral reform. The Second Great Awakening encouraged this impulse to reform by emphasizing individual responsibility and the desire to seek perfection. Their intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous number of conversions. The meetings typically lasted three to five days and were meant to reawaken or revive ones religious faith through an intense, emotional experience. Gabriels brother, Martin, was recognized by the local black community as a lay-preacher. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. In late August of 1831, Turner and his followers launched the rebellion. The temperance movement stemmed in part from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization immigration. REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation \text{EXPENSES}\\ Antebellum Reforms: A Women's Rights Movement. \text{Income TaxesCurrent}&& 1,430,000\\ Kelly later wrote of her experiences in the abolitionist movement and how they shaped her views on womens rights: in striving to strike [the slaves] irons off, we found most surely that we were manacled ourselves.. Slavery was the cornerstone of the southern economy. It is also during this time that higher education began to open to women. The antebellum reform movements were based in a network of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. Reform Movements of the 19th Century. The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. The new evangelical denominations of the Second Great Awakening did not require the same kinds of rigorous education as older sects did; rather, it was far more important for a spiritual leader to experience a personal conversion and feel a call to spread the message. \text{Less: Dividends on Preferred Shares}&&(120,000)\\ The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers. For the most part, the African American community did not see colonization or repatriation as a viable alternative to emancipation and abolition. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two of the excluded delegates, united to form an organization that would speak for oppressed women. - moral suasion through speeches and literature. Evangelical in nature, it stressed that salvation was available to all through free will. Preferred Pace of Life A key moment came in 1840, when the Anti-Slavery Society split after a woman, Abigail Kelley, was nominated to serve on one of the Societys committees. Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. \textbf{Property, Plant, and Equipment}\\ In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. What is its accounts receivable turnover? \text{Retained Earnings}& 5,000,000 &2,800,000\\ Merchants with commercial ties to the South. Ministers such as Connecticut Presbyterian Lyman Beecher also spoke out against alcohol as a societal evil. \text{Less Cost of Treasury Shares}& (1,000,000) &(1,400,000)\\ The earliest womens colleges were founded in the 1830s: the Georgia Female College in Macon, Georgia (now Wesleyan College), founded in 1836, and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts (Now Mount Holyoke College), founded in 1837. \textbf{Investments}\\ The angel led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets. Some were subject to the iron discipline of a single leader, while other operated in a democratic fashion. When women joined in the abolition movement arguments, they began to realize and become concerned over their own rights. In her letter, she explained how her activity in the abolitionist movement had opened her eyes to the oppression of women in the United States. \quad\text{Hutchinson Company}& 75,000 &2,000,000\\ The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (1833-1870) was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. The abolitionist sentiment was also present in the South. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. Gabriels Rebellion of 1800 grew in part out of a series of revival meetings in the area of Richmond, Virginia. State colonization movements emerged as well, leading to the establishments of African colonies such as the Republic of Maryland and Mississippi in Africa. Many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed and allow to in the country" ( Foner, Eric. The most successful denominations of the Second Great Awakening were the Methodist and Baptist churches. \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ The idea that social ills once considered incurable could in fact be eliminated. The Latter Day Saint Movement (of which the Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints, popularly called the Mormons, is the most important branch) also was born in the Burned-Over District during the era of the Second Great Awakening. \quad\text{Total Current Assets}& \$ 2,925,000 &\$ 2,400,000\\ \text{Accounts Receivable (Net of Estimated Uncollectibles}\\ Preachers and believers all over the country saw humankind and society as good and perfectible, able to improve and strive to become more like God. December 31 \text{Machinery and Equipment}& 8,000,000 &7,300,000\\ In part, this was achieved by a certain theatricality of preaching. Consolidated Statement of Income and Camp meetings were so called because, on the sparsely populated frontier, many attendees had to travel long distances to the meeting and camp out at the location. Moreover, her reports on jails also aided in the efforts to reform prisons. The American relationship with alcohol was not an issue that was resolved in the era of reform. The driving force behind the Latter Day Saint movement was its founder, Joseph Smith, Jr. Education would "equalize the conditions of men.". Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. Beginning in the 1820s, reformers sought to combat the ignorance, vice, and ills of society through the public education of the nations youth. \quad\text{Average Shares Outstanding)} &&\$ 2.68\\ \text{Salaries Payable}& 300,000& 240,000\\ It provided a leading voice for abolition, in part through the publication of its newspaper, The National Anti-Slavery Standard. The antebellum women participated in the public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics. In 1821, the ACS helped to establish the colony of Liberia on the west coast of Africa and assisted some 13,000 slaves and free blacks to emigrate to the colony. In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. The antebellum reform movements came soon after the market revolution. \text{Net Income}&& \$ 4,400,000\\ For most, this meant a few months of schooling a year in a one-room rural schoolhouse. The Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and, by the 1820s, had emerged as a major religious movement. The market revolution had changed American society in many ways. Slower Early nineteenth-century America was a time of reform. Throughout New England, many Christians began to espouse Unitarianism, a sect based on the importance of human reason. Gender She conducted an eighteen month study of the jails and almshouses of Massachusetts and, in 1843, made a presentation to the Massachusetts legislature, reporting that the mentally ill were housed in cages, closets, cellars and pensChained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience. 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