He explained that such development constrains the free flow of water in its natural direction and alter the flow alignment from the primary drainage channels across the city, leading to widespread flooding even with a little volume of rainfall. Sand mining activity is a lucrative business in the Niger Delta and is embarked upon by both private individuals and government officials. Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. Land reclamation is a common problem in the cities. Simplicity and transparency. Introductory Chapter: Landscape Reclamation as a K Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria. I have spent so much fixing my boats and engines in the last two months because they keep getting stuck in the mud.. Many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly in the upper intertidal zones. This is because the organisms that reside in these areas are wiped out during the first phase of reclamation. The next kind of management is human management [19]. The city is situated on four main islands namely, Lagos, Victoria, Iddo, and Ikoyi which are all connected by a network of bridges. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. Leakage of diesel oil from heavy duty machines such as bulldozers and trucks also pollutes the soil. Agricultural activities such as rice paddies and aquaculture are embarked upon in swampy coastal locations [14]. So, they use a quote in the Bible which says a man has been given dominion status to justify the claim. Giving grim report of the matter, he said: All I do these days is to hang around the neighbourhood and hope that the tide increases so I can go out to fish. However, in many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the people [1]. Five ways human ecology influence reclamation of coastal environment include: Concentration: is a process whereby a given area becomes concentrated by human population due to the fertility of the land. These areas are naturally covered with water during high tides, but are filled with soil and consolidated to prevent tidal flooding during high tide. We basically try to establish new habitat type because we cannot establish historic ecosystem. Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. Land reclamation in the Niger Delta passes through five phases, which in all ramifications affect the environment. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. Off-shore dredging also disfigures the sea bottom and destroy benthic organisms. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. Mangrove vegetation is the dominant species found at the interface between the land and the sea. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges. The African Development Bank, Africa Union and Africa50 launched the Alliance during COP27 last November with global partners: the African Union Development Agency, the. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. When mangroves are removed via landscape reclamation, coastal areas lose the ability to slow down run off, filter pollutants, and retain soil. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. Through the use of police power they acquire and take over mangrove forest they bulldoze the forest, dredge and sand fill the site, which they allow to lie fallow for some years or reinforce and develop immediately. A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. Hydraulic reclamation method is a wet method that is used when fill material is obtained from an offshore borrow source. It is crucial to the environment's welfare both now and in the future. Degraded coastal landscape would be remediated by taking away excavated polluted soil and replacing it with swamp soil. 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Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? Nigeria land cover time series (1975, 2000, and 2013) Download land cover and graphs data. Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. Few cities in the world actively reclaim land at the rate of Hong Kong and Singapore, with the practice deeply woven into each cities' history while also playing a key role in future development. Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. "The oil industry in Nigeria is so corrupt that even locals get scammed. Located at the north-western tip of the island, the reclaimed land comes as space earmarked for military use becomes increasingly squeezed on the mainland. The cost of land appreciates and has no depreciative value. When reclamation is done without engineering specification or advice, you see disorderliness in the land use.. There are also some burrowing organisms that dig into shore sand. Changes in river channel via canalization or dredging changes the river system by increasing the length and breadth of the river which affects the flow dynamics and hydrology of the river [3]. Permits are issued by DEC for annual terms of up to five years and may be renewed. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill ), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. However, there are other types of land reclamation, depending on the type of fill material, topography of the seabed and the type of equipment available. Advertisement The tender for the. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. Therefore, the best option is to remediate it so that it will carry out its ecological functions even if it results to another landform. In alphabetical order, the states are as follows: Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara. In a preliminary study conducted in the sand dredged area, soil samples were collected for physico-chemical analysis at three sites (T1, T2 and T3) from the back of the sand filled area to the entrance of the sand fill area (Figure 8). The swampy environment is a mixture of mud and water, after a long period of perturbation the swampy soil gets solidified and changes to a terrestrial environment. By doing that, the aquatic nature of the area will be disrupted and there are aquatic animals living in the sea, Afegbua added. The presence of mangroves along the coast stabilizes and reinforces the soil against erosion. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. Towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products (GDPs). Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. Thus, village land would be held in trust and apportioned by the chief. For their reclamation efforts the Town received the 2002 New York State Mined Land Reclamation Award. The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. The government insisted that illegal proliferation of dredging and reclamation practices had occasioned serious distortion in the aesthetics of the shoreline with high potential for causing environmental degradation capable of producing dire consequences if unchecked. Land in the Niger Delta area is in large demand because of traditional and cultural beliefs attached to the possession of land [1]. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. The government sometimes forcefully acquires coastal areas from the native community, remove the mangrove forest and sand fill the area in other to establish projects beneficial to the public. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. Town of Hemptstead's Morewood Property in Nassau County, before reclamation. On its right is the. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. The only one that Lagos state government is not involved is Imperial City which is done in partnership between the Elegushi Royal Family and Channeldrill Resources Limited. A manufacturing company in the production of herbal drugs, Afroganiks, has called for more research on drugs produced from herbs, while noting that, Herbal products most of the time cause kidney problems and organ failure in the body because they are not well dosed.. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. 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